Agargun, M. Y., Cilli, A. S., Boysan, M., Selvi, Y., Gulec, M., & Kara, H. (2007). Turkish version of Morningness- Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Sleep and Hypnosis, 9(1), 16-23.

Agargun, M. Y., Kara, H., & Anlar, Ö. (1996). Validity and reliability of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 7(2), 107–115.

Agargun, M. Y., Kara, H., Ozer, O. A., Selvi, Y., Kiran, U., & Kiran, S. (2003). Nightmares and dissociative experiences: The key role of childhood traumatic events. Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 57(2), 139-145. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1819.2003.01093.x

Agargun, M. Y., Kara, H., Ozer, O. A., Selvi, Y., Kiran, U., & Ozer, B. (2003). Clinical importance of nightmare disorder in patients with dissociative disorders. Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 57(6), 575-579. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1819.2003.01169.x

Akyuz, G., Kugu, N., Sar, V., & Dogan, O. (2007). Trauma and dissociation among prisoners. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 61(3), 167-172. doi:10.1080/08039480701352348

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition: DSM-5. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.

Anderson, R. E., Geier, T. J., & Cahill, S. P. (2016). Epidemiological associations between posttraumatic stress disorder and incarceration in the National Survey of American Life. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 26(2), 110-123. doi:10.1002/cbm.1951

Ardino, V. (2012). Offending behaviour: The role of trauma and PTSD. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 3. doi:10.3402/ejpt.v3i0.18968

Armour, C., Contractor, A. A., Palmieri, P. A., & Elhai, J. D. (2014). Assessing latent level associations between PTSD and dissociative factors: Is depersonalization and derealization related to PTSD factors more so than alternative dissociative factors? Psychological Injury and Law, 7(2), 131-142. doi:10.1007/s12207-014-9196-9

Armour, C., Elklit, A., Lauterbach, D., & Elhai, J. D. (2014). The DSM-5 dissociative-PTSD subtype: Can levels of depression, anxiety, hostility, and sleeping difficulties differentiate between dissociative-PTSD and PTSD in rape and sexual assault victims? Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28(4), 418-426. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.12.008

Armour, C., Karstoft, K. I., & Richardson, J. D. (2014). The co-occurrence of PTSD and dissociation: differentiating severe PTSD from dissociative-PTSD. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 49(8), 1297-1306. doi:10.1007/s00127-014-0819-y

Asberg, K., & Renk, K. (2012). Substance use coping as a mediator of the relationship between trauma symptoms and substance use consequences among incarcerated females with childhood sexual abuse histories. Substance Use and Misuse, 47(7), 799-808. doi:10.3109/10826084.2012.669446

Babson, K. A., Boden, M. T., Woodward, S., Alvarez, J., & Bonn-Miller, M. (2013). Anxiety sensitivity and sleep quality: independent and interactive predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 201(1), 48-51. doi:10.1097/NMD.0b013e31827ab059

Baillargeon, J., Binswanger, I. A., Penn, J. V., Williams, B. A., & Murray, O. J. (2009). Psychiatric disorders and repeat incarcerations: The revolving prison door. American Journal of Psychiatry, 166(1), 103-109. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08030416

Bastien, C. H., Vallieres, A., & Morin, C. M. (2001). Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. Sleep Medicine, 2(4), 297-307. doi:10.1016/S1389-9457(00)00065-4

Betts, K. S., Williams, G. M., Najman, J. M., & Alati, R. (2013). The role of sleep disturbance in the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder and suicidal ideation. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 27(7), 735-741. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.09.011

Blevins, C. A., Weathers, F. W., Davis, M. T., Witte, T. K., & Domino, J. L. (2015). The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): Development and initial psychometric evaluation. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 28(6), 489-498. doi:10.1002/jts.22059

Blevins, C. A., Weathers, F. W., & Witte, T. K. (2014). Dissociation and posttraumatic stress disorder: A latent profile analysis. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 27(4), 388-396. doi:10.1002/jts.21933

Blonigen, D. M., Sullivan, E. A., Hicks, B. M., & Patrick, C. J. (2012). Facets of psychopathy in relation to potentially traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder among female prisoners: The mediating role of borderline personality disorder traits. Personality Disorders-Theory Research and Treatment, 3(4), 406-414. doi:10.1037/a0026184

Boysan, M. (2014). Dissociative experiences are associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms in a non-clinical sample: A latent profile analysis. Archives of Neuropsychiatry, 51(3), 253-262. doi:10.4274/npa.y6884

Boysan, M. (2016). Associations between dissociation and post-traumatic stress response. In C. R. Martin, V. R. Preedy, & V. B. Patel (Eds.), Comprehensive guide to post-traumatic stress disorder (pp. 831-849). New York, NY: Springer.

Boysan, M., Gulec, M., Besiroglu, L., & Kalafat, T. (2010). Psychometric properties of the Insomnia Severity Index in Turkish sample. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi-Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 11(3), 248-252.

Boysan, M., Ozdemir, P. G., Ozdemir, O., Selvi, Y., Yilmaz, E., & Kaya, N. (2017). Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the PTSD Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (PCL-5). Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 27(3), 306-316. doi:10.1080/24750573.2017.1342769

Boysan, M., Yildirim, A., Besiroglu, L., Kefeli, M. C., & Kagan, M. (2018). Development and preliminary psychometric properties of an instrument for the measurement of obsessional dissociative experiences: The Van Obsessional Dissociation Questionnaire (VOD-Q). Psychiatric Quarterly. doi:10.1007/s11126-017-9555-2

Breslau, N., Roth, T., Burduvali, E., Kapke, A., Schultz, L., & Roehrs, T. (2004). Sleep in lifetime posttraumatic stress disorder: a community-based polysomnographic study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61(5), 508-516. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.61.5.508

Breslau, N., Roth, T., Rosenthal, L., & Andreski, P. (1996). Sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders: a longitudinal epidemiological study of young adults. Biological Psychiatry, 39(6), 411-418.

Briere, J., Agee, E., & Dietrich, A. (2016). Cumulative trauma and current posttraumatic stress disorder status in general population and inmate samples. Psychological Trauma-Theory Research Practice and Policy, 8(4), 439-446. doi:10.1037/tra0000107

Browne, A., Miller, B., & Maguin, E. (1999). Prevalence and severity of lifetime physical and sexual victimization among incarcerated women. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 22(3-4), 301-322. doi:Doi 10.1016/S0160-2527(99)00011-4

Bryant, R. A. (2005). Predicting posttraumatic stress disorder from acute reactions. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 6(2), 5–15. doi:10.1300/J229v06n02_02

Bryant, R. A., Creamer, M., O’Donnell, M., Silove, D., & McFarlane, A. C. (2010). Sleep disturbance immediately prior to trauma predicts subsequent psychiatric disorder. Sleep, 33(1), 69-74.

Bryant, R. A., Harvey, A. G., Guthrie, R. M., & Moulds, M. L. (2000). A prospective study of psychophysiological arousal, acute stress disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109(2), 341-344.

Butler, L. D., Duran, R. E., Jasiukaitis, P., Koopman, C., & Spiegel, D. (1996). Hypnotizability and traumatic experience: A diathesis-stress model of dissociative symptomatology. American Journal of Pyschiatry, 153(7 Suppl), 42-63. doi:10.1176/ajp.153.8.A42

Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Research, 28(2), 193-213. doi:Doi 10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4

Carlson, E. B., & Putnam, F. W. (1993). An update on the Dissociative Experiences Scale. Dissociation, 6, 16-27.

Casement, M. D., & Swanson, L. M. (2012). A meta-analysis of imagery rehearsal for post-trauma nightmares: Effects on nightmare frequency, sleep quality, and posttraumatic stress. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(6), 566-574. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.06.002

Cheung, V. K. L. (2012). An exploratory study on the relationship between dissociation in waking life and negative contents in dreams. International Journal of Dream Research, 5(1), 17-22.

Choe, J. Y., Teplin, L. A., & Abram, K. M. (2008). Perpetration of violence, violent victimization, and severe mental illness: Balancing public health concerns. Psychiatric Services, 59(2), 153-164. doi:DOI 10.1176/appi.ps.59.2.153

Clum, G. A., Nishith, P., & Resick, P. A. (2001). Trauma-related sleep disturbance and self-reported physical health symptoms in treatment-seeking female rape victims. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 189(9), 618-622.

Collins, J. J., & Bailey, S. L. (1990). Traumatic stress disorder and violent behavior. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 3, 203-220. doi:10.1007/BF00975146

Constantine, R. J., Petrila, J., Andel, R., Givens, E. M., Becker, M., Robst, J., . . . Howe, A. (2010). Arrest trajectories of adult offenders with a serious mental illness. Psychology Public Policy and Law, 16(4), 319-339. doi:10.1037/a0020852

Cusack, K. J., Herring, A. H., & Steadman, H. J. (2013). PTSD as a mediator between lifetime sexual abuse and substance use among jail diversion participants. Psychiatric Services, 64(8), 776-781. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.000052012

Davis, J. L. (2008). Treating post-trauma nightmares: A cognitive behavioral approach. New York, NY: Springer.

DeCou, C. R., Lynch, S. M., Cole, T. T., & Kaplan, S. P. (2016). Dissociation mediates the association between intimate partner violence and posttraumatic stress among treatment-seeking incarcerated women. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 17(4), 480-493. doi:10.1080/15299732.2016.1141148

Dell’Osso, L., Armani, A., Rucci, P., Frank, E., Fagiolini, A., Corretti, G., . . . Cassano, G. B. (2002). Measuring mood spectrum: comparison of interview (SCI-MOODS) and self-report (MOODS-SR) instruments. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 43(1), 69-73.

Dell’Osso, L., Massimetti, G., Conversano, C., Bertelloni, C. A., Carta, M. G., Ricca, V., & Carmassi, C. (2014). Alterations in circadian/seasonal rhythms and vegetative functions are related to suicidality in DSM-5 PTSD. BMC Psychiatry, 14, 352. doi:10.1186/s12888-014-0352-2

Diehle, J., Schmitt, K., Daams, J. G., Boer, F., & Lindauer, R. J. L. (2014). Effects of psychotherapy on trauma-related cognitions in posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 27(3), 257-264. doi:10.1002/jts.21924

Donley, S., Habib, L., Jovanovic, T., Kamkwalala, A., Evces, M., Egan, G., . . . Ressler, K. J. (2012). Civilian PTSD symptoms and risk for involvement in the criminal justice system. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 40(4), 522-529.

Dudeck, M., Drenkhahn, K., Spitzer, C., Barnow, S., Kopp, D., Kuwert, P., . . . Dunkel, F. (2011). Traumatization and mental distress in long-term prisoners in Europe. Punishment & Society-International Journal of Penology, 13(4), 403-423. doi:10.1177/1462474511414782

Ebdlahad, S., Nofzinger, E. A., James, J. A., Buysse, D. J., Price, J. C., & Germain, A. (2013). Comparing neural correlates of REM sleep in posttraumatic stress disorder and depression: a neuroimaging study. Psychiatry Research, 214(3), 422-428. doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2013.09.007

Flatt, J. D., Williams, B. A., Barnes, D., Goldenson, J., & Ahalt, C. (2017). Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and associated health and social vulnerabilities in older jail inmates. Aging & Mental Health, 21(10), 1106-1112. doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1201042

Foa, E. B., Ehlers, A., Clark, D. M., Tolin, D. F., & Orsillo, S. M. (1999). The Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI): Development and validation. Psychological Assessment, 11(3), 303-314. doi:Doi 10.1037/1040-3590.11.3.303

Ford, J. D., Chang, R., Levine, J., & Zhang, W. L. (2013). Randomized clinical trial comparing affect regulation and supportive group therapies for victimization-related PTSD with incarcerated women. Behavior Therapy, 44(2), 262-276. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2012.10.003

Ford, J. D., Chapman, J., Mack, M., & Pearson, G. (2006). Pathway from traumatic child victimization to delinquency: Implications for juvenile and permanency court proceedings and decisions. Juvenile and Family Court Journal, 57(1), 13-26. doi:DOI 10.1111/j.1755-6988.2006.tb00111.x

Ford, J. D., Grasso, D. J., Hawke, J., & Chapman, J. F. (2013). Poly-victimization among juvenile justice-involved youths. Child Abuse and Neglect, 37(10), 788-800. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.01.005

Frewen, P. A., Brown, M. F. D., Steuwe, C., & Lanius, R. A. (2015). Latent profile analysis and principal axis factoring of the DSM-5 dissociative subtype. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 6. doi:10.3402/ejpt.v6.26406

Germain, A. (2013). Sleep disturbances as the hallmark of PTSD: Where are we now? American Journal of Psychiatry, 170(4), 372-382. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12040432

Germain, A., Buysse, D. J., & Nofzinger, E. (2008). Sleep-specific mechanisms underlying posttraumatic stress disorder: Integrative review and neurobiological hypotheses. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 12(3), 185-195. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2007.09.003

Germain, A., Buysse, D. J., Shear, M. K., Fayyad, R., & Austin, C. (2004). Clinical correlates of poor sleep quality in posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17(6), 477-484. doi:10.1007/s10960-004-5796-6

Germain, A., Hall, M., Krakow, B., Katherine Shear, M., & Buysse, D. J. (2005). A brief sleep scale for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Addendum for PTSD. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 19(2), 233-244. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2004.02.001

Germain, A., Mammen, O., Price, P., & Nofzinger, E. A. (2011). Functional neuroimaging of REM sleep in returning veterans with PTSD: An [18F]-RDG PET study. Sleep, 34, 42.

Germain, A., Shear, M. K., Hall, M., & Buysse, D. J. (2007). Effects of a brief behavioral treatment for PTSD-related sleep disturbances: a pilot study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(3), 627-632. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.04.009

Gibson, L. E., Holt, J. C., Fondacaro, K. M., Tang, T. S., Powell, T. A., & Turbitt, E. L. (1999). An examination of antecedent traumas and psychiatric comorbidity among male inmates with PTSD. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 12(3), 473-484. doi:Doi 10.1023/A:1024767020280

Ginzburg, K., Koopman, C., Butler, L. D., Palesh, O., Kraemer, H. C., Classen, C. C., & Spiegel, D. (2006). Evidence for a dissociative subtype of post-traumatic stress disorder among help-seeking childhood sexual abuse survivors. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 7(2), 7-27. doi:https://doi.org/10.1300/J229v07n02_02

Giosan, C., Malta, L. S., Wyka, K., Jayasinghe, N., Evans, S., Difede, J., & Avram, E. (2015). Sleep disturbance, disability, and posttraumatic stress disorder in utility workers. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 71(1), 72-84. doi:10.1002/jclp.22116

Gleaves, D. H., May, M. C., & Cardena, E. (2001). An examination of the diagnostic validity of dissociative identity disorder. Clinical Psychology Review, 21(4), 577-608. doi:Doi 10.1016/S0272-7358(99)00073-2

Goff, A., Rose, E., Rose, S., & Purves, D. (2007). Does PTSD occur in sentenced prison populations? A systematic literature review. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 17(3), 152-162. doi:10.1002/cbm.653

Goldstein, A. N., & Walker, M. P. (2014). The role of sleep in emotional brain function. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 10, 679-708. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153716

Gosein, V. J., Stiffler, J. D., Frascoia, A., & Ford, E. B. (2016). Life stressors and posttraumatic stress disorder in a seriously mentally ill jail population. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 61(1), 116-121. doi:10.1111/1556-4029.12874

Green, B. L., Dass-Brailsford, P., de Mendoza, A. H., Mete, M., Lynch, S. M., DeHart, D. D., & Belknap, J. (2016). Trauma experiences and mental health among incarcerated women. Psychological Trauma-Theory Research Practice and Policy, 8(4), 455-463. doi:10.1037/tra0000113

Green, B. L., Miranda, J., Daroowalla, A., & Siddique, J. (2005). Trauma exposure, mental health functioning, and program needs of women in jail. Crime & Delinquency, 51(1), 133-151. doi:10.1177/0011128704267477

Greene, C. A., Ford, J. D., Wakefield, D. B., & Barry, L. C. (2014). Posttraumatic stress mediates the relationship between childhood victimization and current mental health burden in newly incarcerated adults. Child Abuse and Neglect, 38(10), 1569-1580. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.07.006

Gulec, M., Kalafat, T., Boysan, M., & Barut, Y. (2013). Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI) in a Non-Clinical Sample. Noropsikiyatri Arsivi-Archives of Neuropsychiatry, 50(2), 147-153. doi:10.4274/npa.y6336

Haaland, V. O., & Landro, N. I. (2009). Pathological dissociation and neuropsychological functioning in borderline personality disorder. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 119(5), 383-392. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2008.01323.x

Habukawa, M., Uchimura, N., Maeda, M., Kotorii, N., & Maeda, H. (2007). Sleep findings in young adult patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 62(10), 1179-1182. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.01.007

Hansen, M., Mullerova, J., Elklit, A., & Armour, C. (2016). Can the dissociative PTSD subtype be identified across two distinct trauma samples meeting caseness for PTSD? Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 51(8), 1159-1169. doi:10.1007/s00127-016-1235-2

Hansen, M., Ross, J., & Armour, C. (2017). Evidence of the dissociative PTSD subtype: A systematic literature review of latent class and profile analytic studies of PTSD. Journal of Affective Disorders, 213, 59-69. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.02.004

Harvey, A. G. (2008). Insomnia, psychiatric disorders, and the transdiagnostic perspective. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17(5), 299-303. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2008.00594.x

Hasler, B. P., Insana, S. P., James, J. A., & Germain, A. (2013). Evening-type military veterans report worse lifetime posttraumatic stress symptoms and greater brainstem activity across wakefulness and REM sleep. Biological Psychology, 94(2), 255-262. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.06.007

Henrichs, J., & Bogaerts, S. (2012). Correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder in forensic psychiatric outpatients in the Netherlands. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 25(3), 315-322. doi:10.1002/jts.21706

Ho, F. Y. Y., Chan, C. S., & Tang, K. N. S. (2016). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for sleep disturbances in treating posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clinical Psychology Review, 43, 90-102. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.09.005

Horne, J. A., & Ostberg, O. (1975). A self-assessment questionnaire to determine morningness eveningness in human circadian rhythms. International Journal of Chronobiology, 4(2), 97-110.

Huang, G. P., Zhang, Y. L., Momartin, S., Cao, Y. P., & Zhao, L. (2006). Prevalence and characteristics of trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in female prisoners in China. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 47(1), 20-29. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2005.04.004

Jordan, B. K., Schlenger, W. E., Fairbank, J. A., & Caddell, J. M. (1996). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among incarcerated women .2. Convicted felons entering prison. Archives of General Psychiatry, 53(6), 513-519.

Kaba, F., Solimo, A., Graves, J., Glowa-Kollisch, S., Vise, A., MacDonald, R., . . . Venters, H. (2015). Disparities in mental health referral and diagnosis in the New York City Jail Mental Health Service. American Journal of Public Health, 105(9), 1911-1916. doi:10.2105/Ajph.2015.302699

Kadak, M. T., Nasiroglu, S., Boysan, M., & Aydin, A. (2013). Risk factors predicting posttraumatic stress reactions in adolescents after 2011 Van earthquake. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 54(7), 982-990. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.04.003

Karatzias, T., Power, K., Woolston, C., Apurva, P., Begley, A., Mirza, K., . . . Purdie, A. (2017). Multiple traumatic experiences, post-traumatic stress disorder and offending behaviour in female prisoners. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health. doi:10.1002/cbm.2043

Khachatryan, D., Groll, D., Booij, L., Sepehry, A. A., & Schutz, C. G. (2016). Prazosin for treating sleep disturbances in adults with posttraumatic stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. General Hospital Psychiatry, 39, 46-52. doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2015.10.007

Kilpatrick, D. G., Resnick, H. S., Milanak, M. E., Miller, M. W., Keyes, K. M., & Friedman, M. J. (2013). National estimates of exposure to traumatic events and PTSD prevalence using DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 26(5), 537-547. doi:10.1002/jts.21848

Knox, J., & Lynn, S. J. (2014). Sleep experiences, dissociation, imaginal experiences, and schizotypy: The role of context. Consciousness and Cognition, 23, 22-31. doi:10.1016/j.concog.2013.10.007

Kobayashi, I., Boarts, J. M., & Delahanty, D. L. (2007). Polysomnographically measured sleep abnormalities in PTSD: A meta-analytic review. Psychophysiology, 44(4), 660-669. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2007.537.x

Komarovskaya, I. A., Loper, A. B., Warren, J., & Jackson, S. (2011). Exploring gender differences in trauma exposure and the emergence of symptoms of PTSD among incarcerated men and women. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 22(3), 395-410. doi:10.1080/14789949.2011.572989

Koren, D., Arnon, I., Lavie, P., & Klein, E. (2002). Sleep complaints as early predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder: a 1-year prospective study of injured survivors of motor vehicle accidents. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159(5), 855-857. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.5.855

Krakow, B., Artar, A., Warner, T. D., Melendrez, D., Johnston, L., Hollifield, M., . . . Koss, M. (2000). Sleep disorder, depression, and suicidality in female sexual assault survivors. Crisis, 21(4), 163-170. doi:10.1027//0227-5910.21.4.163

Krakow, B., Haynes, P. L., Warner, T. D., Melendrez, D., Sisley, B. N., Johnston, L., . . . Lee, S. (2007). Clinical sleep disorder profiles in a large sample of trauma survivors: An interdisciplinary view of posttraumatic sleep disturbance. Sleep and Hypnosis, 9(1), 6-15.

Krakow, B., Haynes, P. L., Warner, T. D., Santana, E., Melendrez, D., Johnston, L., . . . Shafer, L. (2004). Nightmares, insomnia, and sleep-disordered breathing in fire evacuees seeking treatment for posttraumatic sleep disturbance. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17(3), 257-268. doi:10.1023/B:JOTS.0000029269.29098.67

Krakow, B., Melendrez, D., Johnston, L., Warner, T. D., Clark, J. O., Pacheco, M., . . . Schrader, R. (2002). Sleep-disordered breathing, psychiatric distress, and quality of life impairment in sexual assault survivors. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 190(7), 442-452. doi:10.1097/01.NMD.0000022444.23912.D2

Krakow, B., Melendrez, D., Pedersen, B., Johnston, L., Hollifield, M., Germain, A., . . . Schrader, R. (2001). Complex insomnia: Insomnia and sleep-disordered breathing in a consecutive series of crime victims with nightmares and PTSD. Biological Psychiatry, 49(11), 948-953.

Krakow, B., Melendrez, D., Warner, T. D., Clark, J. O., Sisley, B. N., Dorin, R., . . . Hollifield, M. (2006). Signs and symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing in trauma survivors: A matched comparison with classic sleep apnea patients. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 194(6), 433-439. doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000221286.65021.e0

Krakow, B., Melendrez, D., Warner, T. D., Dorin, R., Harper, R., & Hollifield, M. (2002). To breathe, perchance to sleep: sleep-disordered breathing and chronic insomnia among trauma survivors. Sleep Breath, 6(4), 189-202. doi:10.1007/s11325-002-0189-7

Krakow, B., Ulibarri, V. A., Moore, B. A., & McIver, N. D. (2015). Posttraumatic stress disorder and sleep-disordered breathing: a review of comorbidity research. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 24, 37-45. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2014.11.001

Krakow, B., & Zadra, A. (2010). Imagery rehearsal therapy: Principles and practice. Sleep Medicine Clinics, 5(2), 289-298. doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2010.01.004

Krause-Utz, A., Frost, R., Winter, D., & Elzinga, B. M. (2017). Dissociation and alterations in brain function and structure: Implications for borderline personality disorder. Current Psychiatry Reports, 19(1). doi:10.1007/s11920-017-0757-y

Kubiak, S. P. (2004). The effects of PTSD on treatment adherence, drug relapse, and criminal recidivism in a sample of incarcerated men and women. Research on Social Work Practice, 14(6), 424-433. doi:10.1177/1049731504265837

Kuroda, H., Wada, K., Takeuchi, H., & Harada, T. (2013). PTSD score, circadian typology and sleep habits of people who experienced the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake 17 years ago. Psychology (Savannah, Ga.), 4(2), 106-110. doi:10.4236/psych.2013.42015

Lanius, R. A., Brand, B., Vermetten, E., Frewen, P. A., & Spiegel, D. (2012). The dissociative subtype of posttraumatic stress disorder: Rationale, clinical and neurobiological evidence, and implications. Depression and Anxiety, 29(8), 701-708. doi:10.1002/da.21889

Lanius, R. A., Wolf, E. J., Miller, M. W., Frewen, P. A., Vermetten, E., Brand, B., & Spiegel, D. (2014). The dissociative subtype of PTSD. In M. J. Friedman, T. M. Keane, & P. A. Resick (Eds.), Handbook of PTSD: Science and practice (pp. 234-250).

Levin, R., & Nielsen, T. A. (2007). Disturbed dreaming, posttraumatic stress disorder, and affect distress: a review and neurocognitive model. Psychological Bulletin, 133(3), 482-528. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.3.482

Maher, M. J., Rego, S. A., & Asnis, G. M. (2006). Sleep disturbances in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder: epidemiology, impact and approaches to management. CNS Drugs, 20(7), 567-590.

Malik, S., Kanwar, A., Sim, L. A., Prokop, L. J., Wang, Z., Benkhadra, K., & Murad, M. H. (2014). The association between sleep disturbances and suicidal behaviors in patients with psychiatric diagnoses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev, 3, 18. doi:10.1186/2046-4053-3-18

Maschi, T., Gibson, S., Zgoba, K. M., & Morgen, K. (2011). Trauma and life event stressors among young and older adult prisoner. Journal of Correctional Health Care, 17(2), 160-172.

Maschi, T., Morgen, K., Zgoba, K., Courtney, D., & Ristow, J. (2011). Age, Cumulative Trauma and Stressful Life Events, and Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms Among Older Adults in Prison: Do Subjective Impressions Matter? Gerontologist, 51(5), 675-686. doi:10.1093/geront/gnr074

Maxfield, M. G., & Widom, C. S. (1996). The cycle of violence - Revisited 6 years later. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 150(4), 390-395. doi:10.1001/archpedi.1996.02170290056009

McFarlane, A. C. (2013). Biology not culture explains dissociation in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 73(4), 296-297. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.11.026

McHugh, R. K., Hu, M. C., Campbell, A. N., Hilario, E. Y., Weiss, R. D., & Hien, D. A. (2014). Changes in sleep disruption in the treatment of co-occurring posttraumatic stress disorder and substance use disorders. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 27(1), 82-89. doi:10.1002/jts.21878

Mellman, T. A., Bustamante, V., Fins, A. I., Pigeon, W. R., & Nolan, B. (2002). REM sleep and the early development of posttraumatic stress disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159(10), 1696-1701. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.10.1696

Mellman, T. A., Knorr, B. R., Pigeon, W. R., Leiter, J. C., & Akay, M. (2004). Heart rate variability during sleep and the early development of posttraumatic stress disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 55(9), 953-956. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.12.018

Mellman, T. A., Pigeon, W. R., Nowell, P. D., & Nolan, B. (2007). Relationships between REM sleep findings and PTSD symptoms during the early aftermath of trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 20(5), 893-901. doi:10.1002/jts.20246

Mergler, M., Driessen, M., Ludecke, C., Ohlmeier, M., Chodzinski, C., Weirich, S., . . . Studygrp, T. (2017). Relationships between a dissociative subtype of PTSD and clinical characteristics in patients with substance use disorders. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 49(3), 225-232. doi:10.1080/02791072.2017.1296209

Messina, N., Burdon, W., Hagopian, G., & Prendergast, M. (2004). One year return to custody rates among co-disordered offenders. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 22(4), 503-518. doi:10.1002/bsl.600

Messina, N., & Calhoun, S. (2014). Trauma-informed treatment decreases posttraumatic stress disorder among women offenders. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 15(1), 6-23. doi:10.1080/15299732.2013.818609

Messina, N., & Grella, C. (2006). Childhood trauma and women’s health outcomes in a California prison population. American Journal of Public Health, 96(10), 1842-1848. doi:10.2105/Ajph.2005.082016

Messina, N., Grella, C., Burdon, W., & Prendergast, M. (2007). Childhood adverse events and current traumatic distress - A comparison of men and women drug-dependent prisoners. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 34(11), 1385-1401. doi:10.1177/0093854807305150

Messina, N. P., Burdon, W. M., & Prendergast, M. L. (2003). Assessing the needs of women in institutional therapeutic communities. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 37(2), 89-106. doi:10.1300/J076v37n02_05

Moloney, K. P., van den Bergh, B., & Moller, L. F. (2009). Women in prison: The central issues of gender characteristics and trauma history. Public Health, 123(6), 426-430. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2009.04.002

Mueser, K. T., Salyers, M. P., Rosenberg, S. D., Goodman, L. A., Essock, S. M., Osher, F. C., . . . Comm, S. H. R. S. R. (2004). Interpersonal trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with severe mental illness: Demographic, clinical, and health correlates. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 30(1), 45-57. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007067

Mullerova, J., Hansen, M., Contractor, A. A., Elhai, J. D., & Armour, C. (2016). Dissociative Features in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Latent Profile Analysis. Psychological Trauma-Theory Research Practice and Policy, 8(5), 601-608. doi:10.1037/tra0000148

Nappi, C. M., Drummond, S. P. A., & Hall, J. M. H. (2012). Treating nightmares and insomnia in posttraumatic stress disorder: A review of current evidence. Neuropharmacology, 62(2), 576-585. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.02.029

Nishith, P., Resick, P. A., & Mueser, K. T. (2001). Sleep difficulties and alcohol use motives in female rape victims with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 14(3), 469-479. doi:10.1023/A:1011152405048

Oathes, D. J., & Ray, W. J. (2008). Dissociative tendencies and facilitated emotional processing. Emotion, 8(5), 653-661. doi:10.1037/a0013442

Ozer, E. J., Best, S. R., Lipsey, T. L., & Weiss, D. S. (2003). Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: a meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 129(1), 52-73.

Peller, A. J., Najavits, L. M., Nelson, S. E., LaBrie, R. A., & Shaffer, H. J. (2010). PTSD among a treatment sample of repeat DUI offenders. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 23(4), 468-473. doi:10.1002/jts.20550

Pigeon, W. R., Pinquart, M., & Conner, K. (2012). Meta-analysis of sleep disturbance and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 73(9), e1160-1167. doi:10.4088/JCP.11r07586

Roca, V., Hart, J., Kimbrell, T., & Freeman, T. (2006). Cognitive function and dissociative disorder status among veteran subjects with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: A preliminary study. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 18(2), 226-230. doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.18.2.226

Ross, C. A., Joshi, S., & Currie, R. (1991). Dissociative experiences in the general population: A factor analysis. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 42, 297–301.

Ross, J., Banik, G., Dedova, M., Mikulaskova, G., & Armour, C. (2017). Assessing the structure and meaningfulness of the dissociative subtype of PTSD. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. doi:10.1007/s00127-017-1445-2

Ruzich, D., Reichert, J., & Lurigio, A. J. (2014). Probable posttraumatic stress disorder in a sample of urban jail detainees. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 37(5), 455-463. doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2014.02.018

Sadeh, N., & McNiel, D. E. (2015). Posttraumatic stress disorder increases risk of criminal recidivism among justice-involve persons with mental disorders. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 42(6), 573 –586. doi:10.1177/0093854814556880

Saladin, M. E., Brady, K. T., Dansky, B. S., & Kilpatrick, D. G. (1995). Understanding comorbidity between PTSD and substance use disorders: two preliminary investigations. Addictive Behaviors, 20(5), 643-655.

Salgado, D. M., Quinlan, K. J., & Zlotnick, C. (2007). The relationship of lifetime polysubstance dependence to trauma exposure, symptomatology, and psychosocial functioning in incarcerated women with comorbid PTSD and substance use disorder. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 8(2), 9-26. doi:10.1300/J229v08n02_02

Sanders, B., & Green, J. A. (1994). The factor structure of the dissociative experiences scale in college students. Dissociation, 7, 23-27.

Scott, D. A., McGilloway, S., Dempster, M., Browne, F., & Donnelly, M. (2013). Effectiveness of Criminal Justice Liaison and Diversion Services for Offenders With Mental Disorders: A Review. Psychiatric Services, 64(9), 843-849. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201200144

Selvi, Y., Kandeger, A., Boysan, M., Akbaba, N., Sayin, A. A., Tekinarslan, E., . . . Sar, V. (2017). The effects of individual biological rhythm differences on sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and dissociative experiences. Psychiatry Research, 256, 243-248. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.059

Semiz, U. B., Basoglu, C., Ebrinc, S., & Cetin, M. (2008). Nightmare disorder, dream anxiety, and subjective sleep quality in patients with borderline personality disorder. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 62(1), 48-55. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2007.01789.x

Short, N. A., Allan, N. P., & Schmidt, N. B. (2017). Sleep disturbance as a predictor of affective functioning and symptom severity among individuals with PTSD: An ecological momentary assessment study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 97, 146-153. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.07.014

Short, N. A., Babson, K. A., Boden, M. T., & Bonn-Miller, M. O. (2015). Sleep quality, problematic cannabis use and posttraumatic stress symptoms among medical cannabis users. Addiction Research and Theory, 23(3), 246-252. doi:10.3109/16066359.2014.981259

Short, N. A., Babson, K. A., Schmidt, N. B., Knight, C. B., Johnson, J., & Bonn-Miller, M. O. (2016). Sleep and affective functioning: Examining the association between sleep quality and distress tolerance among veterans. Personality and Individual Differences, 90, 247-253. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.10.054

Short, N. A., Ennis, C. R., Oglesby, M. E., Boffa, J. W., Joiner, T. E., & Schmidt, N. B. (2015). The mediating role of sleep disturbances in the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder and self-injurious behavior. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 35, 68-74. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.09.004

Simor, P., Csóka, S., & Bódizs, R. (2010). Nightmares and bad dreams in patients with borderline personality disorder: Fantasy as a coping skill? European Journal of Psychiatry, 24(1), 28-37.

Sindicich, N., Mills, K. L., Barrett, E. L., Indig, D., Sunjic, S., Sannibale, C., . . . Najavits, L. M. (2014). Offenders as victims: post-traumatic stress disorder and substance use disorder among male prisoners. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 25(1), 44-60. doi:10.1080/14789949.2013.877516

Soffer-Dudek, N., Lassri, D., Soffer-Dudek, N., & Shahar, G. (2015). Dissociative absorption: An empirically unique, clinically relevant, dissociative factor. Conscious and Cognition, 36, 338-351. doi:10.1016/j.concog.2015.07.013

Soffer-Dudek, N., & Shahar, G. (2009). What are sleep-related experiences? Associations with transliminality, psychological distress, and life stress. Consciousness and Cognition, 18(4), 891-904. doi:10.1016/j.concog.2008.07.007

Soffer-Dudek, N., & Shahar, G. (2011). Daily stress interacts with trait dissociation to predict sleep-related experiences in young adults. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120(3), 719-729. doi:10.1037/a0022941

Soffer-Dudek, N., Shelef, L., Oz, I., Levkovsky, A., Erlich, I., & Gordon, S. (2017). Absorbed in sleep: Dissociative absorption as a predictor of sleepiness following sleep deprivation in two high-functioning samples. Consciousness and Cognition, 48, 161-170. doi:10.1016/j.concog.2016.11.009

Spiegel, D., Loewenstein, R. J., Lewis-Fernandez, R., Sar, V., Simeon, D., Vermetten, E., . . . Dell, P. F. (2011). Dissociative disorders in DSM-5. Depression and Anxiety, 28(9), 824-852. doi:10.1002/da.20874

Spitzer, C., Dudeck, M., Liss, H., Orlob, S., Gillner, M., & Freyberger, H. J. (2001). Post-traumatic stress disorder in forensic inpatients. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 12(1), 63-77. doi:Doi 10.1080/09585180121757

Stein, D. J., Koenen, K. C., Friedman, M. J., Hill, E., McLaughlin, K. A., Petukhova, M., . . . Kessler, R. C. (2013). Dissociation in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Evidence from the World Mental Health Surveys. Biological Psychiatry, 73(4), 302-312. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.08.022

Steiner, H., Garcia, I. G., & Matthews, Z. (1997). Posttraumatic stress disorder in incarcerated juvenile delinquents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(3), 357-365. doi:Doi 10.1097/00004583-199703000-00014

Steuwe, C., Lanius, R. A., & Frewen, P. A. (2012). Evidence for a dissociative subtype of PTSD by latent profile and confirmatory factor analyses in a civilian sample. Depression and Anxiety, 29(8), 689-700. doi:10.1002/da.21944

Stockdale, G. D., Gridley, B. E., Balogh, D. W., & Holtgraves, T. (2002). Confirmatory factor analysis of single- and multiple-factor competing models of the dissociative experiences scale in a nonclinical sample. Assessment, 9, 94–106.

Swopes, R. M., Davis, J. L., & Scholl, J. A. (2017). Treating substance abuse and trauma symptoms in incarcerated women: An effectiveness study. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 32(7), 1143-1165. doi:10.1177/0886260515587668

Tapanci, Z., Yildirim, A., & Boysan, M. (2018). Neurological soft signs, dissociation and alexithymia in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and healthy subjects. Psychiatry Research, 260, 90-97. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.11.058

Teplin, L. A., Abram, K. M., & McClelland, G. M. (1996). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among incarcerated women .1. Pretrial jail detainees. Archives of General Psychiatry, 53(6), 505-512.

Teplin, L. A., McClelland, G. M., Abram, K. M., & Weiner, D. A. (2005). Crime victimization in adults with severe mental illness: Comparison with the national crime victimization survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(8), 911-921. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.8.911

Tsai, J., Armour, C., Southwick, S. M., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2015). Dissociative subtype of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder in US veterans. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 66-67, 67-74. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.04.017

van der Hart, O., van Ochten, J. M., van Son, M. J., Steele, K., & Lensvelt-Mulders, G. (2008). Relations among peritraumatic dissociation and posttraumatic stress: A critical review. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 9(4), 481-505.

Van Der Kloet, D., Giesbrecht, T., Franck, E., Van Gastel, A., De Volder, I., Van Den Eede, F., . . . Merckelbach, H. (2013). Dissociative symptoms and sleep parameters - an all-night polysomnography study in patients with insomnia. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 54(6), 658-664. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2012.12.025

van der Kloet, D., Giesbrecht, T., Lynn, S. J., Merckelbach, H., & de Zutter, A. (2012). Sleep normalization and decrease in dissociative experiences: Evaluation in an inpatient sample. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121(1), 140-150. doi:10.1037/a0024781

van der Kloet, D., Merckelbach, H., Giesbrecht, T., & Lynn, S. J. (2012). Fragmented sleep, fragmented mind: The role of sleep in dissociative symptoms. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(2), 159-175. doi:10.1177/1745691612437597

van Heugten-van der Kloet, D., Giesbrecht, T., & Merckelbach, H. (2015). Sleep loss increases dissociation and affects memory for emotional stimuli. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 47, 9-17. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2014.11.002

van Heugten-van der Kloet, D., Huntjens, R., Giesbrecht, T., & Merckelbach, H. (2014). Self-reported sleep disturbances in patients with dissociative identity disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder and how they relate to cognitive failures and fantasy proneness. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 5(19). doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00112

van Heugten-van der Kloet, D., Merckelbach, H., Giesbrecht, T., & Broers, N. (2014). Night-time experiences and daytime dissociation: A path analysis modeling study. Psychiatry Research, 216(2), 236-241. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.12.053

van Huijstee, J., & Vermetten, E. (2017). The dissociative subtype of post-traumatic stress disorder: Research update on clinical and neurobiological features. In (pp. 1-20). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Wada, K., Kuroda, H., Nakade, M., Takeuchi, H., & Harada, T. (2014). Epidemiological studies on the relationship between PTSD symptoms and circadian typology and mental/sleep health of young people who suffered a natural disaster, Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake. Natural Science, 6(5), 338-350. doi:10.4236/ns.2014.65035

Walker, M. P., & van der Helm, E. (2009). Overnight therapy? The role of sleep in emotional brain processing. Psychological Bulletin, 135(5), 731-748. doi:10.1037/a0016570

Wallace, C., Mullen, P., Burgess, P., Palmer, S., Ruschena, D., & Browne, C. (1998). Serious criminal offending and mental disorder: Case linkage study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 172, 477-484. doi:10.1192/bjp.172.6.477

Waller, N. G., Putnam, F. W., & Carlson, E. B. (1996). Types of dissociation and dissociative types: A taxometric analysis of dissociative experiences. Psychological Methods, 1(3), 300-321. doi:Doi 10.1037/1082-989x.1.3.300

Warren, J. I., Loper, A. B., & Komarovskaya, I. (2009). Symptom patterns related to traumatic exposure among female inmates with and without a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 37(3), 294-305.

Watson, D. (2001). Dissociations of the night: Individual differences in sleep-related experiences and their relation to dissociation and schizotypy. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110(4), 526-535. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.110.4.526

Williams, S. G., Collen, J., Orr, N., Holley, A. B., & Lettieri, C. J. (2015). Sleep disorders in combat-related PTSD. Sleep Breath, 19(1), 175-182. doi:10.1007/s11325-014-0984-y

Wolf, E. J., Lunney, C. A., Miller, M. W., Resick, P. A., Friedman, M. J., & Schnurr, P. P. (2012). The dissociative subtype of PTSD: A replication and extension. Depression and Anxiety, 29(8), 679-688. doi:10.1002/da.21946

Wolf, E. J., Miller, M. W., Reardon, A. F., Ryabchenko, K. A., Castillo, D., & Freund, R. (2012). A latent class analysis of dissociation and posttraumatic stress disorder: Evidence for a dissociative subtype. Archives of General Psychiatry, 69(7), 698-705. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1574

Wolf, E. J., Mitchell, K. S., Sadeh, N., Hein, C., Fuhrman, I., Pietrzak, R. H., & Miller, M. W. (2017). The Dissociative Subtype of PTSD Scale: Initial evaluation in a national sample of trauma-exposed veterans. Assessment, 24(4), 503-516. doi:10.1177/1073191115615212

Wolff, N., Frueh, B. C., Shi, J., & Schumann, B. E. (2012). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral trauma treatment for incarcerated women with mental illnesses and substance abuse disorders. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26(7), 703-710. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.06.001

Wolff, N., & Shi, J. (2011). Patterns of victimization and feelings of safety inside prison: The experience of male and female inmates. Crime & Delinquency, 57(1), 29-55. doi:10.1177/0011128708321370

Woud, M. L., Verwoerd, J., & Krans, J. (2017). Modification of cognitive biases related to posttraumatic stress: A systematic review and research agenda. Clinical Psychology Review, 54, 81-95. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2017.04.003

Wright, K. M., Britt, T. W., Bliese, P. D., Adler, A. B., Picchioni, D., & Moore, D. (2011). Insomnia as predictor versus outcome of PTSD and depression among Iraq combat veterans. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67(12), 1240-1258. doi:10.1002/jclp.20845

Yargic, L. I., Tutkun, H., & Sar, V. (1995). The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Dissociative Experiences Scale. Dissociation, 8, 10-13.

Yildirim, A., & Boysan, M. (2017). Heterogeneity of sleep quality based on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in a community sample: a latent class analysis. Sleep and Biological Rhythms, 15(3), 197-205. doi:10.1007/s41105-017-0097-7

Yıldırım, A., Boysan, M., & Yılmaz, O. (2017). The mediating role of pathological worry in associations between dissociative experiences and sleep quality among health staff. Sleep and Hypnosis. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.5350/Sleep.Hypn.2017.19.0152

Zlotnick, C., Johnson, J., & Najavits, L. M. (2009). Randomized controlled pilot study of cognitive-behavioral therapy in a sample of incarcerated women with substance use disorder and PTSD. Behavior Therapy, 40(4), 325-336. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2008.09.004